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Lions & Tigers and Fancy Bears, Oh My! A Cautionary Tale

Jen EasterlyScott Shapiro

CISA Director Jen Easterly and Yale Professor Scott Shapiro discuss the history of major cyber intrusions and the necessity of Secure-by-Design engineering.

Summary

Lessons from Five Decades of Cyber Intrusions

CISA Director Jen Easterly and Yale Law Professor Scott Shapiro review pivotal historical hacks, tracing how systemic architectural vulnerabilities enabled widespread nation-state espionage.

Moving Beyond Blaming the User

The speakers argue that the cybersecurity industry has historically placed an unfair burden on end-users through security awareness training rather than demanding secure software development from vendors.

The Secure-by-Design Imperative

CISA’s Secure-by-Design initiative urges software manufacturers to eliminate entire classes of vulnerabilities (such as memory-safety flaws and default credentials) before products ship.

Building Public-Private Accountability

Fostering long-term systemic resilience requires policy frameworks that align market incentives with rigorous software transparency, corporate accountability, and open vulnerability disclosure.

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